World Population Day: Key Challenges Holding Back India's Growth

India, like the rest of the world, is observing 'World Population Day' today, emphasizing the importance of small families and a promising future for the country. However, our collective forgetfulness has rendered this day seemingly insignificant, easily forgotten by the next morning. But should we let it be?

India currently holds the unenviable title of being the most populous nation on Earth, a record that offers no advantages to the country. Dr. Balwant Mehta, an economist at the Institute of Human Development Delhi, outlined several key concerns that hinder the nation's progress in an op-ed for the Times of India. India's population constitutes a staggering 16 percent of the world's total, while its landmass accounts for only 2 percent. Here are the challenges we face:

1.    Birth rate and death rate: With increased investment in the healthcare sector and growing awareness, the death rate has significantly declined over the decades. While this is a positive development, the population growth rate has witnessed an alarming surge.

2.    Poverty and illiteracy: These two factors directly contribute to population growth. Educated women tend to have a better understanding of their reproductive rights and are more likely to avoid early marriages.

3.    Family planning: It has been over 70 years since the introduction of the National Family Planning program. Unfortunately, the results have been far from encouraging. Compared to other countries, India lags behind in contraceptive use. Moreover, the societal preference for male children has added to the population burden, as families end up having more children.

4.    Unemployment: India's youth is its strength, but it has also become a source of concern. Each year, over 20 million young individuals enter the job market, but only a fraction of them secure meaningful employment. This demographic disparity has proven to be a calamity for India.

As we commemorate 'World Population Day,' it is crucial to recognize the challenges India faces due to its burgeoning population. Addressing these concerns, such as focusing on healthcare, education, family planning, and employment opportunities for the youth, will be vital for the country's future growth and development.